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SOC 23-1023 · May 2024

Judge Salary

Average Judge pay climbed from $128,550 in 2019 to $143,110 in 2024 — a +11.3% change in 5 years.

Median annual

$156,210

Half of all Judges in the United States earn more than this figure, half earn less. From the BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics May 2024 release.

Wage trend

2019$128,5506 pts$153,7002024

+11.3% since 2019 · +3.0% YoY

Hourly

$68.80

Outlook

—

US workers

25,580

BLS series

Annual median wage for Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates in All Industries in the United States

Salary range

From entry to top decile

The 10th-to-90th percentile spread for Judges is $46,520 – $216,540.

Percentile distribution

USD · annual

10th

$46,520

25th

$86,060

Median

$156,210

75th

$189,890

90th

$216,540

By experience level

What each tenure band earns

By experience level

Estimated from BLS percentile distribution. Actual progression varies by employer and region.

Judge levelTenureEstimated salaryBLS reference
Entry levelFirst 0–2 years$46,52010th percentile
Early career2–5 years$86,06025th percentile
Mid-career5–10 years$156,210Median
Experienced10+ years$189,89075th percentile
Senior / leadershipTop 10%$216,54090th percentile

Geography

Judge pay by state

State-level OEWS data lands in Phase 2. The grid below shows national geography ready for that ingest — hover any state for context.

National median

$156,210

AK
ME
VT
NH
WA
MT
ND
MN
IL
WI
MI
NY
MA
OR
ID
WY
SD
IA
IN
OH
PA
NJ
CT
RI
CA
NV
UT
NE
MO
KY
WV
VA
MD
DE
AZ
CO
KS
AR
TN
NC
SC
DC
NM
OK
LA
MS
AL
GA
HI
TX
FL

Tile-grid layout · 50 states + D.C. · area-uniform, not geographic. State pay differentials populate after Phase 2 OEWS state ingest.

What affects this salary

Pay drivers for Judges

Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates (BLS SOC 23-1023) apply the law by overseeing the legal process in courts. The role typically requires a Juris Doctor (JD) degree, several years of legal practice, and election or appointment. Federal judges (Article III) earn salaries set by Congress; state and local judicial pay varies sharply by jurisdiction. Pay generally falls below private-practice partner-level legal compensation.

The 10th-to-90th percentile spread is $46,520 – $216,540. That gap reflects experience, certification, employer type, geographic cost of living, and shift differentials where applicable.

Geography matters. Metropolitan areas in California, New York, Massachusetts, and Washington tend to pay above the national median. Rural and lower-cost states often pay below — though cost-of-living adjustment narrows the real difference.

Credentials compound. Additional certifications, specializations, or advanced degrees consistently push earnings into the 75th and 90th percentile bands. Employer type (hospital vs. private practice, public vs. private sector) also drives meaningful pay variation.

Frequently asked

Questions readers ask

Frequently asked

What is the average Judge salary in the US?
The median annual Judge salary in the United States is $156,210, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) program, May 2024 release. This midpoint figure means half of the 25,580 Judges employed nationwide earn above $156,210 and half earn below. The mean annual wage is $143,110 — slightly above the median, reflecting upward pull from high-paying metropolitan and specialty positions. Entry-level earners (10th percentile) typically start around $46,520, while experienced professionals at the 75th percentile reach $189,890. Source: BLS OEWS May 2024, SOC 23-1023.
How much does a Judge make per hour?
Judges earn a mean hourly wage of $68.80, based on the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS May 2024 survey. This figure represents the average across all Judges in all industries and geographic areas in the United States. Hourly rates vary considerably based on employer type, geographic location, shift differentials, and years of experience. Hourly equivalents for salaried roles are calculated against a standard 2,080-hour work year (40 hours per week × 52 weeks); actual compensated hours may differ. For reference, the annual mean salary for Judges is $143,110. Part-time workers, per-diem positions, and contract roles may fall above or below this figure depending on the agreed pay structure and premium differentials. Source: BLS OEWS May 2024, SOC 23-1023.
What does a Judge earn at the entry level?
Entry-level Judges — those in the bottom 10% of the wage distribution — typically earn around $46,520 per year, according to BLS OEWS May 2024 data. Workers in the 25th percentile (early-career, typically 1–4 years of experience) earn approximately $86,060 annually. These figures represent all industries and geographic regions nationwide; entry wages in high-cost states such as California, New York, and Massachusetts often run 10–25% above these benchmarks, while rural areas and lower-cost states may pay below them. As credentials, certifications, and clinical or technical experience accumulate, pay scales toward the median of $156,210 and beyond. Entry wage estimates are derived from BLS percentile bands and are labeled as estimates; they are not directly published as entry wages by the BLS. Source: BLS OEWS May 2024, SOC 23-1023.
What is the highest salary a Judge can earn?
The top 10% of Judges earn $216,540 or more annually, and the 75th percentile sits at $189,890, according to BLS OEWS May 2024. The highest-paid positions tend to cluster in major metropolitan areas — particularly in California, New York, Massachusetts, and Washington — and in settings that demand advanced credentials, specialized certifications, or leadership responsibilities. Employer type also drives meaningful pay variation: private-sector roles, large hospital systems, and government positions each carry different pay structures. For Judges, moving from the median ($156,210) to the 90th percentile often involves a combination of advanced degrees or board certifications, supervisory responsibilities, and tenure at a high-volume or high-acuity facility. The mean salary of $143,110 sits below the 90th percentile, indicating most very-high earners are outliers. Source: BLS OEWS May 2024, SOC 23-1023.
Is the mean Judge salary higher than the median?
Yes, the mean Judge salary ($143,110) is $13,100 below the median ($156,210). When the mean exceeds the median, it signals that a subset of high earners pulls the average upward — a common pattern in occupations with significant pay variation across specialties, employer types, or geographies. The median is generally the more useful benchmark for an individual worker: it represents what a typical Judge earns, unaffected by the very highest outlier salaries. Both figures come from the BLS OEWS May 2024 survey, SOC 23-1023.
How many Judges work in the US?
Approximately 25,580 people work as Judges in the United States, making it a specialized occupation in the US labor market. This employment count is based on the BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) survey, May 2024 release, SOC 23-1023. The OEWS program covers non-farm wage and salary workers and excludes the self-employed. Total US employment across all occupations surveyed in the same release was approximately 158 million workers. The Judge field represents roughly 0.02% of total surveyed US employment.

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Source & methodology

Wage and employment figures are from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) program, May 2024 release. Standard Occupational Classification: 23-1023. Figures represent the national median, mean, and percentile distribution across all employers and industries. Hourly equivalents assume a 2,080-hour work year. Read our methodology for details on how the data is sourced, transformed, and refreshed.

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